Safely Combining Inverter & Charger for Worldwide Electro-mobility

Any hopes of sustainable mobility are based on electro-mobility, itself based on autonomy of the electric vehicle which remains to this day a big challenge. This problem is known as the greatest obstacle to large-scale deployment of electric vehicles (EV) and plug-in hybrid (PHEV). But is this really the main one? Even if the technology to store the electrical energy needed to travel 1000km without recharging were available, recharge in less than ten minutes would be a serious problem. Such a charger should be rated to at least 1 Megawatt to refuel the car. Finally, the first obstacle is not autonomy but the fact that electricity is not liquid as fuel. Pending a new revolutionary fuel cell technology, we have to improve the storage of batteries but also the power of on-board chargers in order to recharge very quickly, anywhere at any time. This paper addresses the compatibility of an original fast on-board charger with international electrical grids despite of the lack of insulation between the grid and the battery. Connection to the grid leads to new issues related to the quality of electricity and to the electrical hazards. In other hand, new opportunities are offered such as interactions with smart grids, vehicle-To-Grid (V2G) and Vehicle-To-Home operation (V2H).